The former player: 'I hoped to continue playing'
Warning: This article contains descriptions of discriminatory language and behaviour
FormerEngland centre Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to expose racial discrimination in rugby union led his career to an premature end.
In a 2022 interview, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the sport, displaying digital communications and remembering training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while playing for Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with guest team the Barbarians.
"I have definitely had to end my career because of what went on," he told reporters.
"I hoped to carry on competing, naturally I did. I sought that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries going on.
"This situation was difficult - I had to just accept the fate and accept that this entire situation is a lot more important than me."
A rugby governing body investigation in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "likely correct", but said it could not collect enough evidence to definitively say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was surprisingly excluded for their squad for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell told journalists he also encountered discrimination within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his first game in February 2014.
"I have had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he said.
"Certain instances of discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in team environments, in Burrell's experience.
"It's something that has been disguised as banter and that's been the issue that I've myself suffered and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a period of time you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally motivated to go public after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and instructed him to put sunscreen on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The rugby authority said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the culture within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has given considerable attention on diversity and diversity in rugby union and a substantial amount of work undertaken both before and since Luther Burrell spoke publicly and shared his encounters of racism and classism," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and partners in the professional game to strive for a environment of acceptance but recognize this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face education on building inclusive environments, with its success tracked via individual reports and feedback.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and defend others from damaging behaviour.
"You be so proud of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the documentary Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and finished your playing days, but in our view, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's father Geoff passed away soon after the filming of the documentary, and his sister passed away recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the game more accessible.
His charitable organization aims to reach young people in disadvantaged communities and help them succeed on and off the field with complimentary sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal intentions are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is prepared to tell their experience then I'll continue to advocate for that cause because I'm not just pursuing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"Everyone involved have an obligation to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it hopefully the more confident fellow players will feel about sharing their own stories as well.
"I grab the challenge by the horns and keep carrying this flag and keep supporting this responsibility and do what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more appealing and more welcoming.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of poverty and I honestly believe that rugby has the potential to change their futures, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022